The beauty of a woman depends on a healthy hormonal background, the successful functioning of all body systems. A specific role in the production of hormones is played by specific glands of the reproductive system – the ovaries. Being paired organs in which the female reproductive cell matures, they are responsible for reproductive functions. Having heard from the mouth of a gynecologist the diagnosis is an ovarian cyst, the symptoms and treatment of which are often very vague, do not rush to get scared. What is the disease dangerous and what are its features?

Symptoms of ovarian cysts in women

The disease is characterized by the absence of pronounced symptoms in the initial stages. In order to avoid the development of a neoplasm, which in some cases leads to oncology, visits to the gynecologist should be made a regular procedure. Recommended intervals between preventive examinations – six months. What does the diagnosis of ovarian cyst mean, what are the symptoms and treatment?

Cystosis is a disease, the difference of which is the formation of a capsule or cavity having thin walls with a semi-liquid substance inside. The sizes of a benign neoplasm vary from a couple to two tens of centimeters. The cyst of the left ovary, as well as the cyst of the right ovary, are accompanied by similar symptoms, which are the reason for an unplanned trip to the gynecologist:

• unpleasant pain in the lower abdomen;
• decreased sexual activity;
• pain symptoms during intercourse;
• uterine bleeding, discharge;
• failures / lack of menstruation.

What are the signs of ovarian cysts in women requiring immediate medical attention (emergency call):

1. Sudden, abdominal pains.
2. Nausea, severe weakness, dizziness.
3. Spotting that is not related to the menstrual cycle.

Causes of occurrence

Ovarian cysts, specific symptoms and treatment of which require conservative / surgical intervention, is a common disease. The mechanism of its “launch” in many respects remains a mystery to physicians and scientists. Most experts identify such reasons for the formation of ovarian cysts:

1. Imbalance of hormones in the body. Symptoms are fatigue, mood swings.
2. Inflammatory processes. As a result of improper therapy, an ovarian cyst is formed, the symptoms and treatment of which have a pronounced picture.
3. A history of surgical interventions: abortion, childbirth with cesarean section, illiterate examination by a gynecologist.
4. Hypothyroidism is an inadequate activity of the thyroid gland to produce hormones, as well as hyperthyroidism – an excess of the latter. Both options lead to cystoses.

There are frequent cases when during the examination an ovarian cyst is detected during pregnancy. Up to 90% of them are not dangerous for expectant mothers. The doctor controls any changes in the tumor using a routine ultrasound of a pregnant woman. Based on the research indicators, the specialist makes a decision. It is possible to postpone the removal of the tumor to a later date, and to prescribe a course of conservative treatment to the patient.

How to treat an ovarian cyst without surgery

Retention, otherwise, a true cyst, is a clogging of the ducts through which the secretion of the sex glands is secreted. The course of cystosis depends on the mechanism and causes. Doctors consider most types of tumors to be functional. They are characterized by the absence of specific symptoms. Retention neoplasms include:

• follicular tumor;
• endometriotic;
• corpus luteum cyst (luteal);
• paraovarial.

The doctor determines the options for treating an ovarian cyst according to the results of ultrasound, in some cases – by laparoscopic examination. The greatest danger is serous tumors capable of malignant degeneration. Hormonal treatment of ovarian cysts involves normalizing the functions of the glands of the body, “blocking” the ovulation process. The complex necessarily includes immunosupporting vitamins and drugs. The presence of chronic inflammation requires the use of antibiotics.

Endometrioid

The alleged cause of the formation of doctors consider the entry of endometrial cells into the blood during menstruation. Accumulating in the ovary region, they form a “sac”, the contents of which are the secret of the gonads, blood and endometrium of the woman. The main symptoms of the disease: menstrual irregularities, heavy periods, pain during sex. When treating with drugs, most specialists adhere to the scheme, prescribing:

• hormones that increase progesterone;
• oral contraceptives that prevent ovulation;
• painkillers – and antispasmodics for menstruation.

Follicular

Formed in the middle part of the ovary, tends to grow towards the abdomen. The follicle “stretched” by the liquid lends itself well to hormone therapy and has small dimensions. It is able to dissolve on its own. Symptoms with a follicular form of the disease are almost imperceptible. How to cure a cyst on the ovary caused by follicle growth:

• with slight growth and sizes from 6 cm, hormone treatment is used;
• if the tumor degrades / does not grow, wait-and-see observation up to three months is used.

Dermoid

Existing embryonic embryos present in the ovaries of most women sometimes accumulate in one place, causing a dermoid cyst. The tumor has an oval or round shape, which is clearly visible in the photo, and small – up to 7 cm – dimensions. The treatment of the disease involves only surgical intervention. This is due to the internal contents of the neoplasm, which cannot be removed in any other way.

Cyst of the corpus luteum

After maturation of the egg, a corpus luteum forms, the main task of which is the “production” of gestagen hormones. The “unnecessary” corpus luteum dissolves on its own (in the absence of the conception process). However, in some situations, cells attach to the ovary and begin to grow. The danger is the absence of symptoms. Conservative treatment includes immunotherapy, hormonal contraceptives.

Ovarian Cyst Removal Methods

Significant tumor sizes, the absence of conservative treatment results, the likelihood of rupture, or the presence of cystic torsion are indications for surgery. To remove it, in most cases, a laparoscopy method is used – an operation performed by an optical endoscope through small incisions of the peritoneum in the navel. This method has a low likelihood of adhesions after surgery.

The consequences

An ovarian cyst, the characteristic symptoms and treatment of which women often do not take seriously, often becomes an impetus for the transformation of a tumor into a malignant one or provokes acute peritonitis. The diagnosis does not tolerate a “disregard” attitude: a neoplasm without supervision by a doctor can progress, reaching significant sizes. What will happen if the ovarian cyst is not treated?

Rupture symptoms

The most serious complication is the rupture of the walls of the cystic “sac” and the penetration of contents into the abdominal cavity. The result is an inflammatory process that progresses rapidly, threatening peritonitis. Distinctive symptoms of a bursting ovarian cyst:

• Acute abdominal pain in the hypochondrium, lower back.
• Rapid temperature increase.
• Intoxication of the body: nausea, diarrhea, vomiting.
• Uterine bleeding.
• Falling blood pressure leading to fainting.

Torsion

Weight lifting, enhanced training, sports, hard work in the infield is a taboo for women with a history of ovarian cysts. These types of physical exertion can provoke torsion of the legs of the tumor, which leads to the death of blood vessels or necrosis of the neoplasm. The detection by ultrasound of this option by doctors is considered as a direct indication for surgical intervention.